(1889–1945), Austrian-born Nazi leader; chancellor of Germany 1933–45. He cofounded the National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party in 1919 and came to prominence through his powers of oratory. He wrote Mein Kampf (1925), an exposition of his political ideas, while in prison. He established the totalitarian Third Reich in 1933. His expansionist foreign policy precipitated World War II, while his fanatical anti-Semitism led to the Holocaust.